祝菲利普国王66岁生日快乐！你知道比利时是议会制君主立宪制国家吗？Happy 66th birthday to our King Philippe!

今天，比利时国王菲利普66岁啦！祝他生日快乐！

© Belgian Royal Palace - Loan Silvestre

2013年7月3日，前任国王阿尔贝二世国王宣布退位。在几周后的国庆日（7月21日），菲利普亲王宣誓就职，成为比利时第七任国王。他的女儿伊丽莎白于10月25日年满25岁，是王位第一顺位继承人。你对比利时的 议会制 君主立宪制度了解多吗？ 你知道比利时国王是不佩戴冠冕的吗？快快下面阅读文章了解一下吧！

Today, our King turns 66! To mark his birthday, we wish him a happy birthday!

On 3 July 2013, King Albert II announced his abdication. On the National Day, which follows a few weeks later, Prince Philippe took the oath and became the seventh King of the Belgians. His daughter Elisabeth, who turned 25 on 25 October, is now first in line to the throne. How much do you know about the Belgian monarchy? Interested? Scroll down to read more!

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国王

The King

国王是国家统一和永久的象征，是国家元首和武装部队总司令。比利时的菲利普国王于2013年7月21日宣誓就职，是比利时的第七任国王。

The King is the symbol of the unity and permanence of the nation. He is the Head of State and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Philippe of Belgium became the seventh King of the Belgians when he took the oath on July 21, 2013.

Volume 3

His Majesty King Philippe of Belgium

比利时国王菲利普陛下

1991年废除了萨利克继承法

Salic Law was abolished in Belgium in 1991

比利时是议会制君主立宪制国家。《宪法》中规定了王位继承的原则。王储通过宣誓正式成为国王，承诺内容如下，“我发誓遵守比利时人民的《宪法》和法律，维护国家独立和领土完整”。

1991年，比利时通过宪法修正案，废除了萨利克继承法（出自《萨利克法典》，是中世纪以来西欧通行的法典，限制女性继承）。自此，任何头生子女，无论性别，都有资格继承王位。

Belgium is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy. The rules of succession to the throne are defined in the Constitution. The heir to the throne officially becomes the new monarch by taking the oath which involves pronouncing these words: “I swear to observe the Constitution and laws of the Belgian people, to maintain national independence and territorial integrity.”

Salic Law was abolished in Belgium through a constitutional amendment in 1991. This change means the monarch's first-born child becomes heir to the throne, regardless of gender.

《宪法》规定：国王不是“比利时的国王”，而是 “比利时人的国王”。国王代表比利时全体人民，《宪法》规定了国王的权利，同时规定了立法、行政和司法三权分立的原则。每种权力各自独立行使、相互制约制衡。国王则与联邦政府共享行政权力，同时也与大区、社群和省当局共享权力。

伊丽莎白公主 Princess Elisabeth

版权/Copyright: Bas Bogaerts/Belgian Royal Palace

比利时宪法，1831 The Belgian Constitution 1831

立法权由联邦议会和国王行使，前者负责通过法律，后者负责制裁和颁布法律，国王不行使任何个人权力。联邦议会通过的法案和皇家法令由各部长会签，政府各部部长对议会负责。也就是说，国王统治国家但不治理国家，他并不能单独行动。此法律在比利时全国范围内有效，公布于比利时国家的官方报刊《通报（Le Moniteur）》。

According to the Constitution, the King is “King of the Belgians” and not “of Belgium”. He represents all Belgians and his role is defined in the Constitution, as is the principle of the separation of the legislative, executive and judicial powers. Each power exercises control over the other powers. As for the King, he shares executive power with the federal government, but also with the regional, community and provincial authorities.

Legislative power is exercised by the federal parliament which votes on laws, and by the King who approves and enacts them. The King has no power in his own right. It's the ministers who are entirely responsible before parliament by countersigning draft legislation voted on by the federal parliament and royal decrees. In other words, the King reigns but he doesn't rule. He cannot act alone. Laws apply to the entire country and are published in the Moniteur, Belgium's official journal.

各大区和社群的议会也可在各自权限范围内通过立法，但这些立法仅在该单位有效（法兰德斯大区的法令仅在法兰德斯适用，瓦隆大区的法令仅在瓦隆适用）。

行政权力由国王和政府行使，政府由部长和国务秘书组成，他们共同管理国家，确保法律在实践中得到应用和遵循。理论上各部长由国王提名，但实际上是由政党主席任命，得到任命前他们需先签署政府协议。政府由首相领导，最多拥有15名部长。

各大区和社群拥有各自的政府。司法机关通过法院和法庭处罚违法行为、解决争端。司法机关还对行政机关行政行为的合法性负有审查权。

Regional and community parliaments can also adopt legislative texts in their fields of competence. These only apply within their jurisdiction though so a Flemish decree is only applicable in Flanders while a Walloon decree is only applicable in Wallonia.

Executive power is exercised by the King and a government made up of ministers and secretaries of state. They run the country jointly. They ensure that laws are properly implemented and abided by. Theoretically, ministers are named by the King but in practice they are designated by party leadersafter a government agreement is signed. The government comprises a maximum of 15 ministers, headed by the Prime Minister.

The regions and communities each have their own government too. Judicial power is responsible for punishing breaches of the law and resolving litigation through its courts and tribunals. Judicial power also ensures acts approved by the executive power are legal.

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国王日 11月15日

The King's Day 15.11

自1866年以来，人们会在每年的11月15日庆祝国王节，这一天在天主教圣人历中叫做圣·利奥波德日，是以比利时的第一、第二和第四任国王的名字命名的。国王节的日期几经更改，最终在1952年，博杜安国王将日期固定在11月15日。

Ever since 1866, the King's Feast has been celebrated on November 15, Saint Leopold's day, Leopold being the name of the first, second and fourth King of the Belgians. The date changed several times, but, in 1952, King Baudouin finally set it as November 15.

国王节之际，人们会组织民间活动和宗教仪式，活动中会唱起《感恩曲(Te Deum)》(或者译为《赞主诗》)。这首歌曲是用于赞颂上帝和表达对国王的敬意，最早可追溯到五世纪时期一首拉丁语的基督教歌曲。除国王和王后外，王室成员每年的11月15日都会在布鲁塞尔圣弥额尔圣古都勒主教座堂（Cathédrale des Saints Michel et Gudule）参加《感恩曲》赞颂仪式。此外，出于政教分离的考虑，自2000年以来，国家民政部门会在联邦议会所在地国家宫组织致敬会。

利奥波德一世国王是比利时王国的建立者

Par Franz Xaver Winterhalter — Franz Xaver Winterhalter, Domaine public, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=542015

11月15日是联邦公共服务的公共休息日，这一天也被选为德语社群的纪念日。

比利时国王不佩戴冠冕，女王或王后则会在官方典礼等场合中佩戴王冠。

Various civil and religious ceremonies are organised for the King's Feast, during which the Te Deum is sung. This is a Christian hymn in Latin dating back to the fifth century and gives thanks to God. It is also sung in honour of the King. With the exception of the King and Queen, every November 15 the royal family is present for the Te Deum ceremony held in the Cathedral of Saints Michael and Gudule in Brussels. Since 2,000, to include secular society, the civil authorities have also organised a tribute session at the Palais de la Nation, where the federal parliament sits.

November 15 is a statutory holiday for federal public services. The German Speaking Community has also adopted this this date to celebrate its own Feast Day.

Belgian kings do not wear a crown. However, the queen does where a diadem during events such as official ceremonies.

HM King Philippe, HM Queen Mathilde,

and their children Prince Emmanuel, Princess Eléonore, Princess Elisabeth and Prince Gabriel

1926年，比利时第四任王后阿斯特里德殿下（Astrid，1905-1935）在与利奥波德三世国王（当时为王储）结婚时，收到了一顶华丽的钻石王冠——这是一份来自比利时人民的礼物，是由全国人民捐款集资完成的。

女王或王后在每次换届时，都会将这一具有历史意义的珠宝传给下一任女王或王后。直到今天，马蒂尔德王后在出席重大活动、官方招待会和在国外出访时都依然会佩戴这座王冠。

In 1926 Queen Astrid, the fourth Queen of the Belgians (1905-1935), was given a magnificent, diamond-studded tiara on her marriage with the Crown Prince, the future King Leopold III. This was a gift from the Belgian people, financed through a national subscription to mark the event.

This historic piece of jewellery is now passed on from queen to queen each time the monarch changes. Nowadays, Queen Mathilde wears this tiara on important occasions including official receptions and foreign visits.

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