夏季高温，孩子比成人更容易中暑。他们体温调节中枢尚未发育成熟，出汗少、代谢快，在闷热环境中病情进展更迅速。学会早期识别并正确处理，能避免发展为致命的热射病。

Summer heat puts children at higher risk of heatstroke than adults. Their thermoregulation system is immature—they sweat less and metabolize faster, and their condition can deteriorate rapidly in hot, stuffy environments. Learning early recognition and proper management can prevent progression to fatal heatstroke.

如何判断孩子中暑了？

中暑是一个连续发展的过程，分为三个阶段，家长需分清轻重。

• 初期中暑：孩子大汗、口渴、头晕、胸闷、四肢乏力、注意力不集中。此时体温正常或略高。如果能及时脱离热环境、补充水分，症状可快速缓解。
• 轻症中暑：体温升至38℃以上，面色潮红或苍白，皮肤灼热或湿冷，恶心呕吐，心率加快。孩子可能烦躁哭闹或精神萎靡。
• 重症中暑（热射病）：体温超过40℃，意识障碍（昏迷、抽搐、说胡话），皮肤干热无汗（也可因出汗过多而湿冷）。这是危及生命的紧急状况，死亡率极高。

特别提醒：婴幼儿无法表达不适，家长要观察是否异常哭闹、拒奶、尿量减少、嗜睡或皮肤出现花斑纹。

How to Recognize If a Child Has Heatstroke?

Heatstroke is a progressive process with three stages, which parents should distinguish.

Prodromal heatstroke: Child has sweating, thirst, dizziness, chest tightness, limb weakness, and inattentiveness. Body temperature is normal or slightly high. Removing from hot environment and rehydrating can quickly relieve symptoms.

Mild heatstroke: Temperature rises above 38°C. Face is flushed or pale. Skin is hot or cold - wet. There's nausea, vomiting, and rapid heartbeat. Child may be irritable or listless.

Severe heatstroke (heatstroke): Temperature exceeds 40°C, with consciousness disorders (coma, convulsions, delirium). Skin is dry - hot and non - sweating (or cold - wet from excessive sweating). It's a life - threatening emergency with high fatality.

Special note: As infants can't express discomfort, parents should watch for abnormal crying, refusal to feed, less urine, drowsiness, or mottled skin.

中暑后第一时间怎么做？

1. 迅速脱离热环境：将孩子移至阴凉通风处或空调房（温度调至26℃左右，不要过低），解开衣物，脱掉鞋袜。
2. 有效降温是关键：轻症采用物理降温——用凉毛巾擦拭额头、颈部、腋下、腹股沟；也可用凉水喷洒皮肤后风扇吹风；或用冰袋包裹毛巾冷敷大血管处。重症中暑（体温>40℃+意识改变）需要紧急全身降温，可将孩子浸泡在凉水（10-20℃）中，或反复淋凉水，同时拨打急救电话。
3. 补充水分和电解质：清醒且无呕吐时，少量多次喂服口服补液盐或稀释的运动饮料。避免大量饮用纯水，否则会加重电解质紊乱。不要喂服退烧药（如布洛芬、对乙酰氨基酚），它们对中暑引起的高温无效，反而损伤肝肾。
4. 体位与监测：意识清醒者可平卧，略微抬高双腿。若出现呕吐，侧卧防窒息。每5-10分钟测一次体温，目标是将体温在30-60分钟内降至38.5℃以下。

First Aid Steps for Heatstroke

1.Move to a cool, shaded or air-conditioned space. Loosen clothing.

2.Cool the child actively: For mild cases, apply cool wet cloths to the neck, armpits, groin. For severe heatstroke (core temp >40°C with confusion), immerse in cool water (10-20°C) while calling emergency services.

3.Rehydrate with oral rehydration solution in small sips if conscious and not vomiting. Never give fever-reducing medications (ibuprofen/acetaminophen)—they don’t work for heatstroke and may harm the liver and kidneys.

4.Monitor temperature every 5-10 minutes; aim to cool to below 38.5°C within 30-60 minutes.

哪些情况必须立即就医？

1. 出现以下任一情况，需立即送医或呼叫急救：
2. 体温超过40℃，或持续高热不退
3. 意识模糊、胡言乱语、抽搐、昏迷
4. 呼吸急促、心率过快
5. 无汗但皮肤干热
6. 呕吐不止、无法进水
7. 婴幼儿精神状态极差，哭声微弱或嗜睡难唤醒

When to Seek Immediate Medical Help?

1.Temperature >40°C or persistent high fever

2.Confusion, seizures, coma

3.Rapid breathing or pulse

4.Hot, dry skin with no sweating

5.Repeated vomiting, unable to drink

6.Infant or young child with poor mental status, weak cry, or difficult to arouse

如何预防中暑？

预防远比处理重要。牢记“避、补、减”三字诀：

• 避开高温时段：上午10点至下午4点尽量不进行户外活动。选择清晨或傍晚出门。
• 补充水分：不要等孩子说渴了才喝水。活动前、中、后都要少量多次饮水。避免含糖饮料和碳酸饮料。
• 减少剧烈活动：高温天缩短户外运动时间，增加休息频率，在阴凉处活动。
• 合理穿着：浅色、宽松、透气的棉麻衣物，戴宽檐帽。
• 切勿遗留车内：夏季车窗关闭的车内温度可在10分钟内上升20℃，任何情况下都不要将孩子单独留在车内。
• 环境降温：居家可使用空调或风扇；外出携带手持小风扇、冰袋、湿巾等。

How to Prevent Heatstroke?

· Avoid peak heat (10 am – 4 pm).

· Hydrate before, during, and after activity.

· Reduce strenuous activity in high heat.

· Wear light-colored, loose, breathable clothing and a wide-brimmed hat.

· Never leave a child alone in a parked car.

· Use air conditioning or fans at home, and carry cooling gadgets outdoors.

孩子中暑可轻可重。家长掌握识别和急救方法，就能在第一时间阻断病情恶化。多一分细心，少一分风险，让孩子安全享受夏日时光。

Heatstroke in children can be mild or life-threatening. By learning to recognize early signs and administer first aid, parents can stop progression immediately. A little extra care reduces risk, letting children safely enjoy the summer.