日本投降为什么天皇得以保留?（1089字）

自嘲

1945年8月6日和9日，美军在日本广岛、长崎各投下一颗原子弹。8月8日苏联对日宣战，加入《波茨坦公告》。 8月10日日本通过瑞士、瑞典照会盟国，愿接受《波茨坦公告》，但要求保留天皇作为国家元首。美国在杜鲁门总统授意下起草复文，与中、英、苏协调后发出，这就是著名的《贝尔纳斯照会》。该答复既满足日本对“国体”的核心诉求，又为美国后续改造天皇制、实施间接占领留足空间，结果是日本天皇得以保留。

为便于读者了解真情，下面根据美国国务院档案，笔者把照会关键部分英文原文和中文对照编辑如下：

一、开篇

英文：I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your note of August 10, 1945, transmitting the text of the Japanese Government's message accepting the terms of the Potsdam Proclamation but containing the statement that such acceptance does not "comprise any demand which prejudices the prerogatives of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler."

中文：葛拉斯理代办阁下八月十日之照会奉悉，兹者，美国大总统已嘱鄙人代表美英苏中四国政府致函阁下，俾经由贵国政府转达日本政府关于日本政府来电接受波茨坦宣言之条款，然有下列一点：“附以一项谅解曰：上项宣言，并不包含任何要求有损日本天皇陛下为至高无上统治者之皇权。”

二、关键部分

英文：

1. From the moment of surrender, the authority of the Emperor and the Japanese Government to rule the state shall be subject to the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers, who will take such steps as he deems proper to effectuate the surrender terms.

中文：

1. 自投降之时刻起，日本天皇及日本政府统治国家之权力，即须听从同盟国最高统帅之命令，最高统帅采取其认为适当之权力，实施投降条款。

2. The Emperor shall authorize and ensure that the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters sign the necessary surrender documents and issue the orders required by the Supreme Commander to carry out the provisions of the Potsdam Proclamation. He shall also issue orders to all Japanese military, naval and air authorities and to all forces under their control wherever located to cease active operations and surrender their arms, and to issue such other orders as the Supreme Commander may require to give effect to the surrender terms.

2. 日本天皇须授权并保证日本政府及日本帝国大本营能签字于必须之投降条款，俾波茨坦宣言之规定能获实施，且须对日本一切陆海空军当局以及彼等控制之下一切部队（不论其在何处）发号施令停止积极行动，交出武器，此外并须发布盟国最高统帅实施投降条款时所需之其他命令。

3. The Japanese Government shall immediately transport all prisoners of war and civilian internees to places of safety, as directed, where they will be placed at the disposal of the Allied Powers for evacuation.

3. 日本政府在投降之后，应立即将战俘及所扣侨民运至指定之安全地点，俾能速登同盟国之运输船只。

4. The ultimate form of government of Japan shall, in accordance with the Potsdam Proclamation, be established by the freely expressed will of the Japanese people.

4. 按照波茨坦宣言，日本最后之政体，应由日本人民自由表示之意愿而确定之。

5. The armed forces of the Allied Powers will remain in Japan until the purposes set forth in the Potsdam Proclamation are achieved.

5. 同盟国之武装部队，将留于日本直至波茨坦宣言所规定之目的达到为止。

三、落款

英文：Respectfully yours, / James F. Byrnes, Secretary of State of the United States of America, / On behalf of the Governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and China.

中文：此致 葛拉斯理代办阁下 / 美国国务卿 詹姆斯·F·贝尔纳斯 / 代表美利坚合众国、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国、苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟及中国四国政府。